有机方程式条件总结？

• 发布时间：2024-04-09 07:11:09 作者：Anita

CH4-------hvCH4+Cl2CH3Cl+HCL-------点燃CH4+2O2CO2+2H2O（完全燃烧）-------点燃CH4+O2CO+2H2O（不完全...

CH4

-------hv

CH4+Cl2→CH3Cl+HCL

-------点燃

CH4+2O2→→CO2+2H2O（完全燃烧）

-------点燃

CH4+O2→→CO+2H2O（不完全燃烧）

----1000℃

CH4→→→C+2H2

C2H6的性质与CH4相似，

C2H4

-------点燃

C2H4+3O2→→2CO2+2H2O（完全燃烧）

--------催化剂、加热、加压

2C2H4+O2→→→→→→→→→→2CH3CHO

3C2H4+2KMnO4+4H2O→→HOCH2CH2OH+2MnO2↓+2KOH

5C2H4+8KMnO4+12H2SO4→→10HCOOH+8MnSO4+4K2SO412H2O

------------CCl4

CH2=CH2+Br2→→BrCH2CH2Br

----------Ni、△

CH2=CH2+H2→→→CH3CH3

----------ACl3、△

CH2=CH2+HCl→→→CH3CH2Cl

------------催化剂、加热、加压

CH2=CH2+H2O→→→→→→→→→→CH3CH2OH

------------催化剂、加热、加压

nCH2=CH2+H2O→→→→→→→→→→[CH2CH2]n(不好表示)

CH3CH2OH

------------点燃

CH3CH2OH+3O2→→2CO2+3H2O（完全燃烧）

------------催化剂

2CH3CH2OH+O2→→→2CH3CHO+2H2O

2CH3CH2OH+2Na→→→2CH3CH2ONa+H2↑

-------------ZnCl2

CH3CH2OH+HCl→→→CH3CH2Cl+H2O

--------浓硫酸、170℃

CH3CH2OH→→→→→→CH2=CH2↑+H2O

--------浓硫酸、140℃

CH3CH2OH→→→→C2H5OC2H5+H2O

CH3CH2OH+H2SO4→→→C2H5OSO3H+H2O

----------------浓硫酸、△

CH3CH2OH+HOOCCH3→→→→→→CH3CH2OOCCH3+H2O

---------------浓硫酸、△

CH3CH2OH+HNO3→→→→→→CH3CH2ONO2+H2O

CH3COOH

2CH3COOH+2Na→→→2CH3COONa+H2↑

2CH3COOH+Na2O→→→2CH3COONa+2H2O

CH3COOH+NaOH→→→CH3COONa+H2O

CH3COOH+NH3→→→CH3COONH4

CH3COOH+NaHCO3→→→CH3COONa+CO2↑+H2O

----------------浓硫酸、△

CH3CH2OH+HOOCCH3→→→→→→CH3CH2OOCCH3+H2O

----------紫外光

C6H6+3Cl2→→→→C6H6Cl6

----------催化剂

C6H6+Cl2→→→→C6H5Cl+HCl

---------浓硫酸、△

C6H6+HNO3→→→→→→C6H5NO2+H2O

------------△

C6H6+H2SO4→→→C6H5SO3H+H2O

小结:

1．取代反应

2．加成反应

（C17H33COO）3C3H5+3H2 （C17H35COO）3C3H5

3．氧化反应

2C2H2+5O2 4CO2+2H2O

2CH3CH2OH+O2 2CH3CHO+2H2O

2CH3CHO+O2

CH3CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OH +2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O

4．还原反应

5．消去反应

C2H5OH CH2═CH2↑+H2O

CH3—CH2—CH2Br+KOH CH3—CH═CH2+KBr+H2O

6．酯化反应

7．水解反应

C2H5Cl+H2O C2H5OH+HCl

CH3COOC2H5+H2O CH3COOH+C2H5OH

(C6H10O5)n+nH¬2O nC6H12O6

淀粉 葡萄糖

8．聚合反应

9．热裂

10．烷基化反应

11．显色反应

6C6H5OH+Fe3+ [Fe(C6H5O)6]3-+6H+

（紫色）

有些蛋白质与浓HNO3作用而呈黄色

12．中和反应